diamond bows youth

A HARVEST BLESSING

K RAMANUJAM –“How many Ramayana’s? Three hundred? Three thousand? At the end of some versions, a question is asked: How many Ramayana’s have there been? And there are stories that answer this question.”

K TSIOLKOVSKY –“The earth is the cradle of humankind, but one cannot live in the cradle forever.”       

K.BLANCHARD –“People who feel good about themselves produce good results.”

K.D.LANG –“Sometimes the people you love i9n the night/The morning will choose to forget. This is my last cigarette/My last cigarette.”     

K.R.NARAYANAN –“My parting appeal to you … is to guard our tradition of tolerance, for, that is the soul of our culture and civilization.”    (K.R.Narayanan in his farewell address, July 24, 2002)    

KAIFI ZMI – “Break the bond of custom, from the prison of tradition escape Delight not in your weakness, from this imagined delicacy escape Prom these self-conjured vows of greatness escape It too is bondage, from love’s bondage escape. Not only has the thorn, the flower too emasculate risen my love! You have to walk along with me.”  

KAILASH VAJPEYI – “In Jain philosophy, the universe has no beginning, so the question of a Creator has no logical basis. Every one of us is a reservoir of positive energy Divinity is not somewhere out there. So each one of us should strive for perfection and purity of consciousness.”

KALIDASA’S RITUSAMHARA –“Trees put forth flowers, waters abound in lotuses, women’s thoughts turn to love, the air is sweetly scented; mornings are pleasant and days delightful; all things are more alluring in springtime, my love.”    

KALPANA CHAWLA –“Do something because you really want to do it. If you’re doing it just for the goal, and don’t enjoy the path, then I think you’re cheating yourself.”

KALPANA CHAWLA –“I never thought while pursuing my studies or doing anything else about being a woman, I or a person from a small city, or a different country. I pretty much had my dreams, like anybody else and I followed them. People around me fortunately always encouraged and said “if that’s what you want to do carry on”.”

KALPANA CHAWLA –“It was starting to get dim outside, so you got to see your own reflection. And there is the Earth and you can still see the Earth’s surface and the dark sky overhead. And I could then see my reflection in the window and in the retina of my eye the whole earth and the sky could be seen reflected. So I called all the crew members one by one and they saw it, and they said, “oh wow.”   

KALPANA CHAWLA –“Just looking at Earth, looking at the stars during the night part of “Earth; just looking at our planet roll by and the speed at which it goes by and the awe that it inspires; just so many such good thoughts come to your mind when you see all that… Doing it again is like living a dream — a good dream — once again.”

KALPANA CHAWLA –“When you look at the stars and the galaxy, you feel that you are not just from any particular piece of land, but from the solar system.”   

KANSAS JOE MCCOV & MEMPHIS MINNIE –“Crying won’t help you, praying won’t do you no good. When the levee breaks, mama you got to move.”   

KARAN SINGH –“In our arrogance and ignorance we have destroyed the environment of this planet. We have polluted the oceans, made the air unbreathable, desecrated nature and decimated wildlife. Vedantic seers knew that man was not something apart from nature, and, therefore, they constantly exhort us that, while we work for own salvation, we must also work for the welfare of all beings.”  

KAREEM ABDUL JABBAR –“Basketball is an endurance sport, and you have to learn to control your breath; that’s the essence of yoga, too. So, I consciously began using yoga techniques in my practice and playing. I think yoga helped reduce the number and severity of injuries I suffered. As preventative medicine, it’s unequalled.”   

KAREEM ABDUL JABBAR- “I try to do right things at the right time. They may just be little things, but usually they make the difference between winning and losing.”

KAREN ARMSTRONG –“ Every fundamentalist movement… is convinced at some gut, visceral level that secular liberal society wants to wipe out religion.            

KAREN ARMSTRONG –“We could say that the nativity is a myth. That does not mean that it is not true. A myth can be defined as something that, in some sense, happened once, but those also nap- pens all the time. Myth reveals the underlying arid timeless significance of an event. It is also a programme for action. The gospels are not accurate biographies of Jesus; like any religious text, they I tell the reader how to behave. Unless a myth is put into practice, we do not grasp its full import. The Christmas myth reminds us that faith does not always bring comfort and joy, but demands self-sacrifice, a commitment to justice and equity, and determination to seek the sacred in the outcast and dispossessed.” 

KAREN LAMB –“A year from now you may wish you had started today.”   

KARL KRAUS –“Prostitution might endanger the moral of an individual; corruption endangers the moral of an entire country.”      

KARL MARX –“Experience praises the most happy the one who made the most people happy.” 

KARL MARX- “From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs.”

KARL MARX- “The philosophers have only interpreted the world, the point, however, is to change it.”

KARL MARX –“Workers have nothing to lose but their chains.”  

KARL VON BONSTETTEN –“To resist the frigidity of old age one must combine the body, the mind and the heart — and to keep them in parallel vigor one must exercise, study and love.”   

KARLBARTH –“Laughter is the closest thing to the grace of God.”     

KARLKRAUS –“Newspapers have roughly the same relationship to life as fortune-tellrs to metaphysics.”  

KARSANBHAI PATEL –“Hardcore value maximisation, avoiding usage of non-required elements into the product and hence reducing the cost results in benefits to the consumer.”              

KARUNA MALHOTRA –“We clean and decorate our homes to welcome Goddess Lakshmi but do not attempt to cleanse our antarman (belief system), where anger, jealousy, unlimited desires and hatred reside. If we are able to eradicate them, Lord Vishnu and Goddess Lakshmi will stay in our hearts forever and thousands of lamps will light up in bliss.”   

KARUNANIDHI –“If the captain of the ship is not perfect, the ship should not be allowed to sink. We have to search for a new captain and repair the ship.”

KASHF-AL-MAHJUB –“The aim of a dervish is to become a dead man walking one whose body stays alive on earth yet whose soul is already in Heaven. Towards the end of his journey, the dervish becomes the Way not the wayfarer, that is, a place over which something is passing, not a traveler following his own free will.”

KATE W FURMAN –“When walking down the path of life, Remember what I say, That every man must feel the thorns That grow along the way. And every soul will stumble, For every man is weak, And the road of life uncertain, Its prospects often bleak. But always give a helping hand, A word of love, a smile, To help the soul beside you walk Across each weary mile.”   

KATE W FURMAN –“When walking down the path of life, remember what I say that every man must feel the thorns that grow along the way and every soul will stumble, for every man is weak, and the road of life uncertain, its prospects often bleak. But always give a helping hand, a word of love, a smile, to help the soul beside you walk across each weary mile. For love will cause the sun to shine, and everywhere you go, the painful thorns less noticed as the roses bloom and grow.”

KATHARINE HEPBURN –“If you follow all the rules, you miss all the fun.”  

KATHARINE HEPBURN –“If you want to sacrifice the admiration of many men for the criticism of one, go ahead, get married.”  

KATHARINE HEPBURN –“There are no laurels in life…just new challenges.”

KATHARINE PAINE –“The moment you make a mistake in pricing, you’re, eating into your reputation or your profits.”       

KATHE KOLLWITZ –“For the last third of life there remains only work. It alone is always stimulating, rejuvenating, exciting and satisfying.”  

KATHEBINE MANSFIELD –“This is not a letter but my arms around you for a brief moment.”   

KATHERINE HEPBUM – “Do not make reason for him to stay, only reason for him to return.”

KATHERINE HEPBUM –“Don’t accept ride from strange men. And remember that all men are strange.”

KATHERINE HEPBUM –“When love is not madness, it is not love. Sometimes I wonder if men and women really suit each other. Perhaps they should live next door and just visit now and then.”

KATHERINE LOGAN –“The greatest thing you can do for any individual or any group in your day is to help them find the best.”   

KATHERINE MANSFIELD –“Risk! Risk anything! Care no more for the opinion of others, for those voices. Do the hardest thing on earth for yourself. Act for yourself. Face the truth.”   

KATHERINE NEVILLE –“The laws of chess are as beautiful as those governing the universe, and as deadly.”  

KATHERINE PATTERSON –“The name we give to something shapes our attitude to it.”     

KAUSALYS’S ADVICE TO RAMA –“It is dharma alone that will protect you … so it is dharma you should protect with courage and steadfastness.”

KAUTILYA- “The arthashastra -a great leader shows the ability to make decisions and act boldly in the face of set backs and adversity.”

KAVIGNAR VAIRAMUTHU –“Today, we pick bodies, not seashells from the sea shore…It is we who are in mourning—then why do you sport the colour black? Kumarikandam, Kabadapuram, Poompuhar: you swallowed them all. Unsatiated, you sent dinosaur waves to devour the innocent. …O mighty sea, what have we done to warrant this severe punishment? Sumatra was once conquered by the great Raja Raja Chola. Is the devastating tsunami Sumatra’s belated vendetta? …We shall overcome all of Nature’s calamities: We shall return to the seas to fish, to travel… But Never to dissolve the ashes of the dead.”  

KAY GRANGER –“We need good faith efforts and results, not roadblocks.”  

KAY KNUDSEN –“True love is when you put someone on a pedestal, and they fall- but you are there to catch them.”

KAY LYONS –“Yesterday is a cancelled cheque; tomorrow is a promissory note; today is the only cash you have: so spend it wisely.”

KAY THEESE –“DO you know how much you mean to me? As you grow into what you will be. You came from within, from just beneath my heart it’s there you’ll always be though your own life will now start. You’re growing so fast it sends me awhirl, With misty eyes I ask, Where’s my little girl? I know sometimes to you I seem harsh and so unfair, But one day you will see, I taught you well because I care. I The next few years will so quickly fly. With laughter and joy, mixed with a few tears to cry As you begin your growth to womanhood, this fact you must know, You’ll always be my source of pride, no matter where you go. You must stand up tall and proud, within you feel no fear. For all you dreams and goals, sit before you very near. With God’s love in your heart and the world by its tail. You’ll always be my winner, and victory will prevail. For you this poem was I written, with help from I above, To tell you in a rhythm of your Mother’s heartfelt Love!”   

KEIICHI MORISATA – Love is life. Everything that I understand I understand only because I love.”

KEITH BELLOWS –“There are some parts of the world that, once visited, get into your heart and won’t go. For me, India is such a place… I had been seeing the world in black and white and, when brought face-to-face with India, experienced everything re-rendered in brilliant Technicolor.”        

KEITH HENSON –“Nanotechnology will give us vast wealth … it might also completely destroy us.”          

KEITH RICHARDS & MICK JAGGER –“Just as every cop is a criminal/And all the sinners saints As head is tails, Just call me Lucifer/ ’cause I’m in need of some restraint.”  

keith richards & nick jagger –“We all need someone we can bleed on/And if you want it, why don’t you bleed on me.”

KEITH RICHARDS- “If you are going to kick authority in the teeth, you might as well use two feet.”

KEN BLANCHARD –“None of us is as smart as all of us.”  

KEN GRIFFEY –“I can’t play being mad. I go out there and have fun. It’s a game, and that’s how I am going to treat it.”

KEN HAKUTA –“People will try to tell you that all the great opportunities have been snapped up. In reality, the world changes every second, blowing new opportunities in all directions, including yours.”  

KEN KESEY –“The need for mystery is greater than the need for an answer.”       

KEN WILBER –“Bad Gardens copy, good gardens create, great gardens transcend. What all great gardens have in common are their ability to pull the sensitive viewer out of him or herself and into the garden, so completely that the separate self-sense disappears entirely and at least for a brief moment one is ushered into a non-dual and timeless awareness. A great garden, in other words, is mystical no matter what its actual content.”   

KENA UPANISHAD –“If you think that you know well the truth of Brahmn, know that you know little. What you think to be Brahmn in your self, or what you think to be Brahmn in the gods — that is not Brahmn. What is indeed the truth of Brahmn you must therefore learn. He truly knows Brahmn who knows Him as beyond knowledge; he who thinks that he knows, knows not. The ignorant think that Brahmn is known, but the wise know Him to be beyond knowledge.”           

KENA UPANISHAD –“That which speech cannot express but that by which speech is expressed is Brahman. Know that alone as Brahman, not that which people worship here. That which cannot be felt by the mind but that which enables the mind to feel, that is Brahman.”

KENA UPANISHAD –“The ignorant think that Brahmn is known, but the wise know Brahmn to be beyond knowledge.”        

KENA UPANISHAD –“The supreme power of God is manifested as knowledge, activity and strength.” 

KENA UPANISHAD –“Those who realise Brahmn shall overcome All evil and attain the supreme state. Truly they shall attain the supreme state!”         

KENA UPANISHAD –“You should enquire further about Brahman…”

KENNETH TYNAN –“A neurosis is a secret that you don’t know you are keeping.”  

KENNY ROGERS –“Don’t be afraid to give up the good to go for the great.”

KENT NERBUM –“Love has it’s own time, it’s own season, and it’s own reasons for coming and going. You cannot bribe it or coerce it or reason it into staying.”

KERALAFOLK SONG –“When Mahabali ruled the land Everyone was equal Happily they lived Danger befell none There was no falsehood, or fraud And no untruth.” 

KESHAVAN NAIR –“With courage you will dare to take risks, have the strength to be compassionate and the wisdom to be humble. Courage is the foundation of integrity.”

KEVIN EIKENBERRY –“It is easy to feel rich any time. Just count all the things you have that money can’t buy.”      

KEVIN SPACEY –“I mean we all played as kids. You play games, you take on different characters, you imitate; the fun and the love of play has never left me.”       

KHUSHWANT SINGH –“Here lies one who spared neither man nor God Waste not your tears on him, he was a sod Writing nasty things he regarded as great fun Thank the Lord he is dead, this son of a gun.”   

KHWAIRAKPAM CHAOBA –“These Meitei waters before us resplendent is what we call our Loktak; on life’s new current this day, a nascent tide awakens; a towering wave approaches, to drown our wildest imagination. These Meitei waters before us resplendent is what we call our Loktak. A fresh wind caressing the waters, quickens the waves to a dance; on boats are our women afloat, their fishing nets exulting. These Meitei waters before us resplendent is what we call our Loktak.” 

KHWAJA ABDULLAH ANSARI –“From the unman fest I came, And pitched my tent, in the forest of material existence. I passed through mineral and vegetable kingdoms, Then my mental equipment carried me into the animal kingdom; Having reached there I crossed into the beyond; Then in the crystal clear shell of human heart I nursed the drops of Self in a Pearlier, And in association with good men Wandered round the Prayer House, And having experienced that, crossed beyond it; Then I took the road that leads to Him, And became a slave at His gate; Then the duality disappeared And I became absorbed in Him.” 

KIERKEGAARD –“Above all, do not lose your desire to walk: every day I walk myself into a state of well-being and walk away from every, illness; I have walked myself into my best thoughts… Thus if one just keeps on walking, everything will be all right.”

KIM ANDERSON –“You love simply because you cannot help it.”

KIMBERLY KIRBERGER –“For me growth begins immediately after I am able to admit my mistakes and forgive myself.”

KING FAROUK OF EGYPT –“There will soon be only five kings left- the kings of England, Diamonds, Hearts, Spades and Clubs.” 

KING JAMES I OF ENGLAND –“Smoking is a custom loathsome to the eye, hateful to the nose, harmful to the brain, dangerous to the lungs, and in the black, stinking fume thereof nearest resembling the horrible Stygian smoke of the pit that is bottomless.”     

KING JIGME SINGYE WANGCHUK –“The country is more important than the king.”   

KING SIMEON II –“To be a King is dedication, patience and moderation, self-denial, statesmanship, national unity and, above all, having faith in one’s people.”     

KIRAN BEDI –“Be fearless. Nothing is permanent with you. What is permanent with you is your attitude to the moment. That is what is within your control, and that’s the only permanent thing at the moment i can see… No obstacles should be allowed to derail you from your dreams. All of us are placed differently in this world — in different cultures, homes, environments. The higher the adversity, the greater the courage life demands: the higher the mountain the longer the climb. It is imperative that women continue climbing… Every day is important for tomorrow. Cultivate self-awareness with fortitude and courage. Don’t ever give up.”    

KIRAN DHAR –“0 Holy Mother, we bow to you In times of happiness and prosperity, Or in the dire hour of need, With reverence deep, we remember you…”    

KIRAN DHAR –“On this bright and auspicious day You came into the world to guide and show the way 0 Holy Mother, endless fount of grace, Your blessings flow in countless ways… Your promise given in years gone by Holds true today, as at that time, That those that call you Mother, At your feet will always find A shelter everlasting for all time…”  

KIRAN DHAR –“Your message eternal, flows gently forth, “No one is a stranger, my child, The whole world is yours. If you want peace of your mind With others do not find fault. Whenever in distress remember me And say to yourself I have a Mother. To those who have come to me And to those who will come in the future, To all my children, give them my love And let them know That my blessings with them forever are”. This, your message timeless i hold fast in my heart As I on Life’s perilous journey embark.”     

KIRK DOUGLAS –“When you become a star; you don’t change- everyone else does.”

KIRORI SINGH BHAISALA –“We got what we wanted… I also apologise to the nation for the hardship that people suffered.”

KIRSTI A DYER –“Like the mighty phoenix, Once again I rise from the flames set to destroy me and take flight. I am Stronger Glorious Powerful Victorious.”   

KIRSTIE ALLEY –“There’s a lot more to life than how fat or thin you are.”      

KISHORE ASTHANA –“Complete in my Self, fully free/ I am all that I can see/1 am That all the time/ I am its prose, I am its rhyme. Not for me pilgrimages galore/ Or visits to seers, door to door Wherever I look, there I am/ My holy land is where I am.”       

KISHORE ASTHANA –“I donned the saffron robe I roamed here and there I begged from door to door And didn’t get anywhere I counted a million beads I recited every prayer I read all the books And didn’t get anywhere I discussed God all the time And debated religions Threadbare I fasted days on end And didn’t get anywhere Then wisdom smiled on me one day And said to me in its own calm way AU these are traps of your mind Of one or another kind Just go inside if you want to find What is it that makes you blind To what is illusion and what is true To the false and the real you) It spoke of power and it spoke of pelf It spoke of mind, it spoke of self  It spoke of the real; It spoke of show. It spoke of what I needed to know Now I fast not, nor do I pray I go nowhere but travel in a way “And find the Truth, as wisdom did say Inside myself,  at work and play. It is not holy in the worldly sense It needs not knowledge, smoke, incense It is not demanding of ritual and fast It wants nothing that will not last It’s AU-That-Is’, never surpassed My future, my present and my past.”       

KISHORE ASTHANA –“I have waited long/ In this darkened place/ But I sleep not/ lest I miss/ Those dainty steps/ that beloved face I wait, and waiting in me/ My music sleeps/ Its strings wet with unshed tears/ Its flutes but exhausted reeds The dancing bells have closed their eyes/ And arm in arm they lie aside/ But I wait with bated breath/ For I am sure you said ‘tonight’ My song that was, is now a hymn/ Even the grapes are now old wine/ This bed alas, an unfulfilled altar/ But the dawn is not yet,/ Beloved mine.”       

KLANS KINSKI- “One should judge a man mainly from his depravities. Virtues can be faked. Depravities are real.”

KNUTE ROCKNE –“Football is a game played with arms, legs and shoulders but mostly from the neck up.”

KNUTE ROCKNE –“The secret is to work less as individuals and more as a team. As a coach, I play not my eleven best, but my best eleven.”   

KOBI YAMADA –“Anything is possible. Nothing is too good to be true.”   

KOESTLER –“In my twenties I regarded the universe as an open book full of mathematical formulae, and now I regard it as an invisible piece of writing in which we can now and then decipher a letter or a word and then it’s gone again.”

KOFI ANNAN –“Fierce national competition over water resources has prompted fears that water issues contain the seeds of violent conflict.”        

KOFI ANNAN –“No one is born a good citizen; no nation is born a democracy. Rather, both are processes that continue to evolve over a lifetime.”    

KOFI ANNAN –“To live is to choose. but to choose well, you must know who you are and what you stand for, where you want to go and why you want to get there.”         

KOFY ANNAN –“The Lord had the wonderful advantage of being able to work alone.”

KOICHI TSUKAMOTO –“One step by 100 persons is better than 100 steps by one person.”   

KONSTANTIN E TSIOLKOVSKY –“Mankind will not remain on earth forever, but in its quest for light and space will at first timidly penetrate beyond the confines of the atmosphere, and later will conquer for itself all the space near the sun.”            

KONSTANTIN TSIOLKOVSKY –“For me, a rocket is only means—only a method of reaching the depths of space—and not an end in itself… There’s no doubt that it’s very important to have rocket ships since they will help mankind to settle elsewhere in the universe.”   

KORAN SINGH –“These five concepts from the Vedanta if taken together provide us a comprehensive world-view which will greatly help us in these troubled times. 1. The all-pervasive Brahmn; 2. The Atman which resides in all beings; 3. The concept of the human race as members of a family regardless of all differences; 4. The idea that all religions are essentially different paths to the same goal; 5. The concept that we must work for the welfare of this entire ecosystem and not only for ourselves.”    

KRISHNA IN ‘KRISHAVATARA BY KM MUNSHI –“Town and Country I would never have loved Radha had I not felt sure that I was going to be in Vrindavan as a cowherd forever But when I was called to Mathura as Vasudeva’s son, it would have been wicked to bring her with me. She was born to be an exquisite flower in the spring and would never have survived the hot winds of the life I was called upon to face… I, with my mission to fulfill, could not have played the gay cowherd, who was the very breath of her life.  So I parted from her.”    

KRISHNA, BHAGAVAD GITA –“Never was there a time when I did not exist, nor you, nor all these kings, nor in the future shall any of us cease to be.”

KRISHNAMACHARYA –“Inhale, and God approaches you. Hold the inhalation, and God remains with you. Exhale, and you approach God. old the exhalation, and surrender to God.”    

KRISTEN KAPPEL –“Love is when you look into someone’s eyes, and see everything you need.”          

KS DUGGAL –“In Guru Arjan we have the culmination of all that Guru Nanak and the three Gurus following him stood for. They combined in themselves the best of Islam and Hinduism and strove for mutual understanding. They were peace-loving, devoted to meditation and prayers, and service of their fellow beings… Sikhism comprises love of God and service if humanity.”   

KS RAM –“A spokesman of God/ The tsunami, perhaps, came to deliver/ His mild admonition/Proud mankind, ponder this/and measure yourself! While this one hit the nations’ coasts/ Another tsunami lashed against/ The coastline of the mind./Did it shatter faith in God?/ Or did it lash out to strengthen faith?” 

KUBERA MANTRA –“I salute Kubera, lord of Yakshas, who provides the spell for magical weapons that bring wealth and good fortune. May the utterance of this prayer bring forth those magical weapons.”  

KUKT COBAIN –“Teenage angst has paid off well/Now I’m bored and old.”  

KULARNAVA TANTRA –“Adepts in yoga speak in the manner of the uncivil, behave as if ignorant, appear like the lowly They do so in order that men may ignore them and not flock to them; they talk nothing at all. Though realised in freedom, the yogi will sport like a child, may conduct himself like a dullard, talk like one intoxicated. If the yogi accepts things of life it is for the good of the world and not out of desire.”    

KULARNAVA TANTRA –“No creature shall be harmed for one’s own sake, one’s own enjoyment. All depends upon the purpose; not even a blade of grass shall be cut without a worthy purpose. What is called sin becomes a merit if it is done for a higher purpose, even as what is considered uplifting becomes a force for binding if done in disregard of the higher Truth. Rightly used, rightly directed, the very means of fall become the means for rise…”       

KUNAL KOHLI –“Speak up, so you never lose that right, because if you don’t speak up, you’ll lose that right.”    

KUNDAKUNDA –“The soul which is free from the defect of karma gets to the highest point of the universe, knows all and perceives all, and obtains the transcendental bliss everlasting.”

KUNDAKUNDA PANCASTIKAYA –“The soul which is free from the defect of karma gets to the highest point of the universe, knows all and perceives all, and obtains the transcendental bliss everlasting.”  

KURDISH PROVERB –“Kind words can unlock an iron door.”     

KURT COBAIN –“In the sun I feel as one/In the sun, in the sun/I’m married/buries.”      

KURT COBAIN –“Just because you’re paranoid doesn’t mean they aren’t after you.”    

KURT SPITERI CORNISH –“Love is too strong a word to say too early, but it has too beautiful a meaning to say it too late.”

KURT VONNEGUT –“Laughter and tears are both responses to frustration and exhaustion… I myself prefer to laugh, since there is less cleaning up to do afterward.”   

KURT VONNEGUT Jr-“We are what we pretend to be, so we careful what we pretend to be.”

KURTVONNEGUT –“History is merely a list of surprises. It can only prepare us to be surprised again.” 

KYM OVERY –“If you want to experience a life totally unlike anything you have ever seen, then go to the Kumbh mela. You’ll never look at the world in quite the same way again.”    

L E KNIGHT –“When things don’t go as planned, you’re the first one there beside me —someone to count on, someone who cares. When the world has lost its luster, you never lose your faith in me — and somehow, through the clouds, I find my wings… You’re my light in the darkness, laughter in the night, and all the things that keep me going on life’s unwinding road. You’re a special kind of person, a unique and caring friend… I know I’m really lucky, and I wish everyone could have  a sister like you.”

L RON HUBBARD –“You may have been taught that the mind is a very difficult thing to know about. This is the first principle of Scientology possible to know aabout the mind, the spirit and life.”

L.M. CHILD –“It is a rare and difficult attainment to grow old gracefully and happily.”   

L.P. SMITH –“Do not laugh at a youth for his affectations; he is only trying on one face after another to find his own.”  

L.P. SMITH –“There is more felicity on the far side of baldness than young men can possibly imagine.”  

LA BRUYERE –“Life is a tragedy for those who feel, and a comedy for those who think.”  

LA BRUYERE –“There are two ways of rising in the world, either by your own industry or by the; folly of others.”

LA ROCHEFOUCAULD –“Friendship is only a reciprocal conciliation of interests, and an exchange of good offices, it is a species of commerce out of which self-love always expects to gain something.”    

LA ROCHEFOUCAULD –“It is easier to be wise for others than for ourselves.”  

LA ROCHEFOUCAULD –“People rarely succeed at anything unless they are having fun doing it.”   

LA ROCHEFOUCAULD –“True bravery is shown by performing without witness what one might be capable of doing before the entire world.” 

LA ROCHEFOUCAULD –“What renders us so bitter against those who trick us is that they believe themselves to be cleverer than we are.”    

LACHLAN MELEAN- “You can only lead others where you yourself are prepared to go.”

LADISLAUS BOROS –“Friendship is the union of two selves’ lies beyond happiness or unhappiness. It is simply the other side of our life and thus free from all danger.”

LAFRED TENNYSON- “Ring out the want, the care, the sin. The faithless coldness of the times.”

LAL DED –“I will not harbour any ill will towards those who abuse me.”         

LALLESHWARI (LAL DED) –“I, Lalla, entered through the garden of my soul, Lo! I saw Shiva and Shakti rolled in one, Overwhelmed with joy I got immersed there itself.”  

LALLESHWARI –“There is neither you, nor I;/neither the object of  meditation/nor the process of meditation…”       

LALLESHWARI –“You are the sky, You are the earth, The air, the hours, the sacrificial grain, You are the water, the sandal paste and flowers; You are already in everything. What shall I worship you with?”            

LAMA KAZI DAWA-SAMDUP –“He who is ever looking for faults in those who are learned and righteous, has the nature of a crow.”    

LAMA THUBTEN YESHE –“Examine your own mental attitudes. Become your own therapist.”

LAMA THUBTEN YESHE –“The narrow mind rejects; wisdom accepts.”

LAMARCHUS –“In war it is not permitted to make a mistake twice.” 

LAMASHOE –“To live well, is to be happy every day It can be done! Just find one good thing about each day that passes….”  

LAN FLEMING –“You only live twice. Once when you are bor and once when you loo death in the face.”    

LANCE ARMSTRONG –“Pain is temporary. It may last a minute, or an hour, or a day, or a year, but eventually it will subside and something else will take place. If it quit, however, it last forever.”

LANCHENBA MEETEI –“Because — There is no end to revenge/ For him it is mutual loss, destruction/ Not victory/ With everyone defeated.”

LANDON DONOVAN –“Some things you can shake off, some things dig deeper than soccer.”   

LANDOR, W.S. –“Principles do not mainly influence even, the principles, we talk on principles, but we act no interest.”

LANGBRIDGE –“Two men look out through bars: One sees mud, the other sees stars.”  

LANGSTON COLEMAN –“Luck is what you have left over after you have 100 percent.”  

LANGSTON HUGHES –“The Black Man Speaks Oh! Supreme Lover! Let me leave aside my worries. The flowers are blooming with the exultation of your Spirit. By Allah! I long to escape the prison of my ego and lose myself in the mountains and the desert. These sad and lonely people tire me. I long to revel in the drunken frenzy of your love and feel the strength of Rustam in my hands. I’m sick of mortal kings. I long to see your light. With lamps in hand the sheikhs and mullahs roam the dark alleys of these towns not finding what they seek. You are the Essence of the Essence, The intoxication of Love. I long to sing your praises but stand mute with the agony of wishing in my heart.”

LANGSTON HUGHES –“When dreams die, life is a broken-winged bird that cannot fly.”  

LANKAVATARA SUTRA –“The triple world originates from the discrimination of unrealities and where discrimination takes place there is duality and the notion of permanency and impermanency, but the Tathagatas do not rise from the discrimination of unrealities.”    

LANKAVATARA SUTRA –“When this entire world is regarded as concatenation, as nothing else but concatenation, then the mind gains tranquility.”

LAO TZU –“ He who controls others maybe powerful, but he who has mastered ‘himself is mightier still.”   

LAO TZU –“A journey of a thousand miles must begin with a single step.”       

LAO TZU –“A journey of a thousand miles starts in front of your feet.”  

LAO TZU –“A man with outward courage dares to die. A man with inward courage dares to live.”  

LAO TZU –“Being deeply loved by someone gives you strength, while loving someone deeply gives you courage.”  

LAO TZU –“Can you let go of words and ideas, attitudes and expectations? If so, then the Tao will loom into view.” 

LAO TZU –“Change direction, or you may end up where you’re heading.”           

LAO TZU –“Continuing to fill a pail after it is full, the water will be wasted. Continuing to grind an axe after it is sharp, will wear it away. Excess of light blinds the eye. Excess of sound deafens the ear. Excess of condiments deadens the taste. He who possesses moderation is lasting and enduring. Too much is always a curse, most of all in wealth.”

LAO TZU –“For the Wise man looks into space and he knows there is no limited dimensions.”    

LAO TZU –“Governing a great nation is like cooking a small fish … too much handling will spoil it.”

LAO TZU –“He who is content can *   never be ruined.”     

LAO TZU –“He who knows others is wise: he who knows himself is enlightened…”    

LAO TZU –“Health is the greatest possession. Contentment is the greatest treasure. Confidence is the greatest friend. Nonbeing is the greatest joy.”   

LAO TZU –“I have just three things to teach: simplicity, patience, compassion. These three are your greatest treasures.”        

LAO TZU –“Kind and Compassionate Kindness in words creates confidence. Kindness in thinking creates profoundness. Kindness in giving creates love.”        

LAO TZU –“Life is a series of natural and spontaneous changes. Don’t resist them — that only creates sorrow. Let reality be reality Let things flow naturally forward in whatever way they like.”  

LAO TZU –“Manifest plainness, Embrace simplicity, Reduce selfishness, Have few desires.”   

LAO TZU –“Manifest plainness, embrace simplicity.”

LAO TZU –“Nature is not human hearted.”

LAO TZU –“Superior leaders … are catalysts, and though things would not get done as well if they were not there, when they succeed they take no credit. And because they take no credit, credit never leaves them.”

LAO TZU –“The more weapons of hate, the more misery to man. The triumph of hate ends in a festival of mourning.”

LAO TZU –“The subtle melody of universal life is eternal and constant, yet only those who are in consonance with it can perceive it.” 

LAO TZU –“The supreme excellence is not to win a hundred victories in a hundred battles. The supreme excellence is to subdue the armies of your enemies without even having to fight them.”   

LAO TZU –“There is nothing softer and weaker than water, and yet there is nothing better for attacking hard and strong things. For this reason there is no substitute for it.”  

LAO TZU –“There is nothing softer and weaker than water, And yet there is nothing better for attacking hard and strong things. For this reason there is no substitute for it.”    

LAO TZU –“Treat those who are good with goodness, and also treat those who are not good with goodness. Thus goodness is attained. Be honest to those who are honest, and be also honest to those who are not honest. Thus honesty is attained…”   

LAO TZU –“Water is fluid, soft, and yielding. But water will wear away rock, which is rigid and cannot yield. As a rule, whatever is fluid, soft, and yielding will overcome whatever is rigid and hard. This is another paradox: What is soft is strong. Water flows humbly to the lowest level. Nothing is weaker than water, yet for overcoming what is hard and strong, nothing surpasses it.”           

LAO TZU –“What the caterpillar calls the end, the rest of the world calls a butterfly.”

LAO TZU –“When a man points at the moon, the idiot looks at this finger.”

LAO TZU –“When you are content to be simply yourself and don’t compare or compete, everybody will respect you.”   

LAO TZU, TOO TE CHING –“To know you have enough is to be rich.”    

LAROCHEFOUCAULD –“True courage is to do without witnesses every thing that one is capable of doing before the entire world.” 

LARRY GEIBART –“One doesn’t have a sense of humor. It has you.” 

LARRY HARVEY –“Originally the core ritual was the raising and the burning. That required that people act together, perform a cooperative action that had enormous expressive quality But essentially we didn’t have to assign any meaning to it. It was very apparent that we were going to raise him.”  

LATIN PROVERB –“If the wind will not serve, take to the oars.”   

LAURA GILPIN –“A river seems a magic thing. A magic, moving, living part of the very earth itself.”

LAUREN BACALL –“Imagination is the highest kite that one can fly.”

LAURENC J PETER –“The incompetent with nothing to do can still make a mess of it.”   

LAURENCE J PETER –“Ignorance once dispelled is difficult to re-establish. “

LAURENCE J PETER –“Ignorance once dispelled is difficult to re-establish.”       

LAURENCE J PETER –“Most hierarchies were established by men who now monopolise the upper levels, thus depriving women of their rightful share of opportunities to achieve incompetence.”   

LAURENCE J PETER –“There are two kinds of failures: those who thought and never did, and those who did and never thought.”       

LAURENCE J. PETER –“Bureaucracy defends the status quo long past the time when the quo has lost its status”       

LAURENCE PETER –“An optimist expects his dream to come true, a pessimist expects his nightmares to.”

LAURENS VAN DER –‘There is a way of winning by losing, a way of victory in defeat which we are going to discover.”

LAURETTA P BURNS –“As children bring their broken toys with tears for us to mend, I brought my broken dreams to God because He was my friend. But then instead of leaving them with Him in peace to work alone, I hung around and tried to help with ways that were my own. At last i snatched them back and cried, “How can you be so slow?” “My child”, he said, “What could i do? You never did let go.”       

LAWRENCE DURRELL –“Journeys, like artists, are born and not made.”

LAWRENCE SUMMERS –“Students in Harvard will now study India as a subject.”  

LAWS OF MANU –“Though he may be destitute of virtue, or seek his pleasure elsewhere, or devoid of good qualities, yet a husband must be constantly revered as a god by a faithful wife.”

LEA LACOCCA –“Apply your self. Get all the education you can, but then, by God, do something. Don’t just stand there, make it happen.”

LEBANESE PROVERB –“If anyone is not willing to accept your point of view, try to see his point of view.” 

LECH WALESA –“It is the lazy people who invented the wheel and the bicycle because they did not like walking or carrying things.”    

LEE BOLMAN & TERENCE DEAL –“The essence of leadership is not giving things or even providing visions. It is offering oneself and one’s spirit.”     

LEE HAMILTON  -“Democracy thrives on information; secrecy is its enemy.”  

LEE HAMILTON –“At what point do you say we cannot tolerate this anymore?”         

LEE HANEY –“You’ve got a good body? That’s not enough. You have to have the heart and soul to go with it.”

LEE LACOCCA –“Motivation is everything. You can do the work of two people, but you can’t be two people. Instead, you ham to inspire the next guy down the line to get him to inspire his people.”   

LEE LACOCCA –“My father always used to say that when you die, if you’ve got five real friends, then you’ve had a great life.”       

LEE LACOCCA –“The only rock I know that stays steady, the only institution I know that works is the family.”    

LEE LACOCCA –“Why is our free-enterprise system so strong? Not because it stands still, frozen in the past, but because it has always adapted to changing realities.”    

LEE SEGALL –“A man with one watch knows what time it is; a man with two watches is never quite sure.” 

LEE STOREY –“It is a waste of energy to be angry with a man who behaves badly, just as it is to be angry with a car that won’t go.”        

LEIGHTON BATES –“The very first time that i practised noble silence i had become so angry that i quit after a few hours. Our chaplain, who is trained in Tibetan Buddhism, had told me this might happen. I think it happens because you are putting your mind and body under a control that it is not used to, and therefore, you start to rebel against it.”     

LEO BOGART –“The Great Idea in advertising is far more than the sum of the recognition scores, the ratings and all the other superficial indicators of its success; it is in the realm of myth, to which measurements cannot apply.” 

LEO BOOTH –“We are co-creators with God, not puppets on a string waiting for something to happen.”   

LEO BURKE –“People who say they sleep like a baby usually don’t have one.”

LEO BURNETT –“When you reach for the stars you may not quite get one, hut you won’t come up with a handful of mud either.”  

LEO BURNETT –“When you reach for the stars, you may not quite get them. but you won’t come up with a handful of mud either.”  

LEO BUSCAGILA – “Change is the end result of true learning.”

LEO BUSCAGILA – “Love is always about open arms. If you close your arms around love, you will be left holding only yourself.”

LEO BUSCAGILA –“Find the person who will love you because of your difference and not in spite of them and you have found a love for life.”

LEO BUSCAGILA –“Life is uncharted territory. It reveals its story one moment at a time.”     

LEO BUSCAGILA –“Love is life. And if you miss love, you miss life.”     

LEO BUSCAGILA –“Our talents are the gift that God gives to us. What we make of our talents is our gift back to God.”   

LEO BUSCAGILA –“The hardest battle you’re ever going to fight is the battle to be just you.” 

LEO BUSCAGILA –“What we call the secret of happiness is no more a secret  than our willingness to choose life.”

LEO BUSCAGILA –“When we cling to pain we end up punishing ourselves.”           

LEO BUSCAGILA –“Worry never robs tomorrow of its sorrow, it only saps today of its joy.”

LEO TOLSTOY –“All everything that I understand, I understand only because I love.”

LEO TOLSTOY –“Don’t Sweat the Small Stuff…’ Our whole life is taken up with anxiety for personal security, with preparations for living, so that we never really live at all.”         

LEO TOLSTOY –“Everyone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing himself.”

LEO TOLSTOY –“Government is an association of men who do violence to the rest of us.”   

LEO TOLSTOY –“Historians are like deaf people who go on answering questions that no one has asked them.”

LEO TOLSTOY –“Hypocrisy may deceive the cleverest man, but the least wide-awake of children recognises it.”   

LEO TOLSTOY –“I have learned that every man lives, not through care of himself, but by love.” 

LEO TOLSTOY –“I know that my unit with all people cannot be destroyed by national boundaries and government orders.”

LEO TOLSTOY –“Love is life. All, everything that I understand, I understand only because I love. Everything is, everything exists, only because I love. Everything is united by it alone. Love is God, and to die means that I, a particle of love, shall return to the general and eternal source.”

LEO TOLSTOY –“Our whole life and I taken up with anxiety for personal security, with preparations for living, so that we never really live at all.”   

LEO TOLSTOY –“There is no greatness where there is no simplicity.”

LEO TOLSTOY –“To sin is human, to justify sins is devilish.”    

LEON SLUM –“Morality may consist solely in the courage of making a choice.”   

LEON TROTSKY –“Historical law is realised through the natural selection of accidents.”             

LEON TROTSY –“Life is not an easy matter… You cannot live through it without falling into frustration and cynicism unless you have before you a great idea which raises you above personal misery, above weakness, above all kinds of perfidy and baseness. The depth and strength of a human character are defined by its moral reserves. People reveal themselves completely only when they are thrown out of the customary conditions.”

LEONA MATTINGLY WEBER –“Christmas is for children. But it is for grown-ups too. Even if it is a headache, a chore, and nightmare, it is a period of necessary defrosting of chill and hide-bound hearts.”

LEONARD BERNSTEIN –“From New Year’s on the outlook brightens; good humour returns. I resolve to stop complaining.”          

LEONARD COHEN –“Ring the bells that still can ring/ Forget your perfect offering./ There is a crack in everything,/ That’s how the light gets in.”   

LEONARD DA VINCE –“A good painter is to paint two main things, men and the working of man’s mind.”               

LEONARD DA VINCE –“All our knowledge has its origin in our perceptions- it should have limited in it.”

LEONARD DA VINCE –“He turns not back who is bound to a star.”   

LEONARD DA VINCE –“In rivers, that water that you touch is the last of what has passed and the first of that which comes; so with present time.” 

LEONARD DA VINCE –“In youth acquire that which may requite you for the deprivations of old age; and if you are mindful that old age has wisdom for its food, you will so exert yourself in youth, that your old age will not lack sustenance.”   

LEONARD DA VINCE –“Just as iron rusts from disuse, even so does inaction spoil the intellect.”  

LEONARD DA VINCE –“Look at light and admire its beauty Close your eyes, and then look again what you saw is no longer there; and what you will see later is not yet.”    

LEONARD DA VINCE –“Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.”

LEONARD DA VINCE –“The depth and strength of a human character are defined by its moral reserves. People reveal themselves completely only when they are thrown out of the customary conditions of their life, for only then do they have to fall back on their reserves.”   

LEONARD DA VINCE –“The great bird will take its first flight… filling the world with amazement and all records with its fame and it will bring eternal glory to the nest where it was born.”

LEONARD DA VINCE –“When once you have tested flight, you will forever walk the earth with your eyes turned skywards.”

LEONARD NIMOY –“What fiction could match — in drama or suspense — man’s first walk on the moon?”

LEONARDO DI CAPRIO –“I’ve always been spontaneous and outgoing… I’ve tried lots of things so I’ve got some good life experiences, which is great ’cause it means I’ve got lots of material to work with as an actor.”   

LEROY PAIGE -“Don’t pray when it rains if you don’t pray when the sun shines.”

LES MISERABLES –“To love another person is to see the face of God.”

1. LESLEY P –“If you always do what you’ve always done, you will always get what you’ve always had.”      

LETTY POGREBIN –“If the family were a fruit, it would be an orange, a circle of sections, held together but separable — each segment distinct.”    

LEUIS, C.S.- “When you have nothing left but love, then for first time you become aware that love is enough.”

LEVI STRAUSS –“Quality never goes out of style.”   

LEVITICUS –“Proclaim liberty throughout the land to all its inhabitants.” 

LEVITICUS –“Thou shall love thy neighbour as thyself.”      

LEVITICUS –“You shall not take vengeance or bear any grudge against the sons of your own people, but you shall love your neighbour as yourself.”

LEWIS B SMEDES –“If we say that some people are unable to forgive, we give them a power they should never have… they are given the power to keep their evil alive in the hearts of those who suffered most. We give them power to condemn their victims to live forever with the hurting memory of their painful pasts. We give the monsters the last word.”         

LEWIS B SMEDES –“To forgive is to set a prisoner free and discover that the prisoner was you.”       

lewis carroll –“If you don’t know where you are going, any road will take yon there.”

LEWIS CARROLL –“It’s a poor short of memory that only works backwards.”

LEWIS CARROLL –“The rule is, jam tomorrow and jam yesterday but never jam today.”          

LEWIS CARROLL –“When I use a word Humpty Dumpty said in a rather scornful tone it means just I choose it to means neither more nor less.”

LEWIS CARROLL –“When you are describing, A shape, or sound, or tint; Don’t state the matter plainly, But put it in a hint; And learn to look at all things, With a sort of mental squint.”    

LEWIS CARROLL –“You mean you can’t take less’. It’s very easy to take ‘more’ than nothing.”  

LEWIS FREEDMAN –“You can’t be afraid of stepping on toes if you want to go dancing.”  

LEWIS GRIZZARD –“Sex hasn’t been the same since women started enjoying it.”   

LEWIS H LAPHAM –“Unlike any other business, sports must preserve an illusion of perfect innocence. The mounting of this illusion defines the purpose and accounts for the immense wealth of sports. It is the ceremony of innocence that the fans pay to see — not the game or the match or the bout, but the ritual portrayal of a world in which time stops and all hope remains plausible, in which everybody present can recover the blameless expectations of a child, where the forces of light always triumph over the powers of darkness.”            

LEWIS, C.S. –“The future is something which everyone reaches at the rate of 60 minutes an hour, whatever he does, whoever he is.”

LI CHI, CHI YI –“The man of refinement turns his thoughts back to the past, goes back to his origin, and does not forget those through whom life has come to him.”

LI PO –“You ask me why I dwell in the green mountain; I smile and make no reply for my heart is free of care. As the peach-blossom flows down stream and is gone into the unknown, I have a world apart that is not among men.”      

LIBBIE FUDIM –“We may not return the affection of those who like us, but we always respect their good judgment.”        

LIEH-TSE –“The true reason underlying things are invisible, unseizable, indefinable, in determinable. Only the spirit established in the state of perfect natural simplicity can attain it in profound contemplation.”

LILLIAN HELLMAN –“You don’t have to agree with people to defend them from injustice.”

About the Author

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Color Options for Designer Wedding Dresses

Once upon a time, wedding dresses were all white, beaded lace and floor-length gowns that trailed across the floor in a graceful manner. It seemed that all brides were offered the same limited selections for their wedding, regardless of their personality or individual tastes.  Too often, brides who preferred a dress with more pizzazz and color were sadly left with too few options.

Thankfully, times have changed. Today, the modern bride has many more styles from which to choose her wedding gown, and her color selections are limited only by her own imagination and sense of style. Now that some of the world’s most talented designers are diving into wedding fashions and creating gowns as colorful as they are elegant, this truly is a significant and wonderful time to get married.

While there are some brides who love the thought of walking down the aisle in the same bold hues as her beautiful bridal party, most only want a way to add their own flair to their already classic beauty and timeless elegance.  In order to help narrow down all the fabulous choices of colors from which to choose, below is an introduction to the color options available for designer wedding dresses.

Change the Color

Sometimes, while shopping for the perfect wedding gown, you find the dress of your dreams but are disappointed with the bland white color that every other bride seems to be donning. Instead of settling for a dress you are not completely happy with, first check to see if the specific style you want is available in any additional colors. By utilizing the expertise available, you may find that the designer original, complete with an Alencon lace trimmed train that you simply adore, is also available in a breathtaking champagne hue. The way the light subtly diffuses off of this classic and intricate fabric will be nothing short of eye-catching, even on the bride with the perfectly porcelain complexion.

Perhaps it is not the white dress that leaves you wanting more, but the fact that so many white gowns can appear insipid once you try it on.  An excellent alternative is to look for a dress in the most brilliant shade of diamond white that one can find.  A strapless ball gown with a full, flowing panel-draped skirt is sure to be as exquisite on your special day as it is on the hanger.  English Net paired with a brilliant white ribbon around your waist will ensure this dress attracts many murmured “oohs” and “aahs” as you take those first steps down the aisle towards the love of your life. To complete your timeless style, a hand-draped bodice is another stunning feature available in many modern designer wedding gowns.

Accent Your Waist

Giving the unsuspecting eye a place to rest can enhance the natural beauty of nearly any shade of wedding gown.  Consider the strapless Silk Organza ball gown in ivory.  This timeless gown is a versatile and classic style complete with a pleated organza bodice. However, a simple modification around the waist can take this dress from elegant to extraordinary.  By adding a belt of Panne Velvet with a painstaking crystal trim, this dress adds the illusion of color without taking away from its elegant charm.

Another option for the strapless ball gown in silk satin is to add a wide obi belt with dazzling crystals. A particularly stunning option is to add the belt in a contrasting color, or one that beautifully ties in with the hues of your bridal party. Windsor blue against a white dress is a look that can standout without going overboard.  An even better option is a belt that also sports a bow and full-length sash tying in the back, adding a splash of subdued color to this A-line gown in an elaborate and dramatic way.

Add an Embellishment

Perhaps the most stunning look for the modern bride is the bold use of black on your Silk Taffeta gown. This sweetheart neckline demands to be admired with its beaded bodice encrusted with crystals referred to as “black ice.”  These daring gems are featured prominently across the bodice of the gown and in a band down the side of the skirt.  The train features handmade black bows illuminating youthful elegance.  For the extra-daring bride, a black wrap can complete this look in a glamorous fashion.

While all of the jewels and gemstones can provide an attention-grabbing addition to the standard silk and cotton Faille gown, they are not the only thing that makes this unique dropped torso ivory dress one of as kind.  Subtle satin sashes which are adorned with additional jewels and feathers in rich shades of black and brown make this gown a must-have this season.  Your guests will not know whether to admire your sense of style or the way you look in this feminine and flirtatious original.

About the Author

Joanna Brown is a blogger and freelancer who writes about weddings and fashion, often focusing on one item such as wedding dresses.

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Remarks at the Spring Festival. [Reprint]

Reprint From: http://chairmanmaozedong.org

(13 February 1964)

SOURCE: Long Live Mao Tse-tung Thought, a Red Guard Publication.

(Summary Record)

CHAIRMAN MAO: Today is the Spring Festival, and we are holding a forum to discuss both foreign and domestic problems … Do you think our state is likely to collapse or not? Imperialism and revisionism, in concert, have struck right up to our borders, do [you] democratic personages fear the atom bomb? If the atom bomb should explode, we would simply find ourselves back in Yenan. The whole Shen-Kan-Ning Border Area had a population of 1.5 millions, and in the city of Yenan there were 30,000. People cannot reply publicly unless they are first attacked. There was a time when the Kuomintang was cleverer than usual, and did not denounce us publicly. They put out a document using the method of restraining “alien’ parties, of restraining the Communist Party. Do you know about that?

CHANG SHIH-CHAO: I don’t know about it.

CHAIRMAN MAO: You people aren’t very well informed. In January 1941, the Kuomintang launched the South Anhwei Incident, in which we lost more than 17,000 men. After this, they staged several more anti-communist high tides, and thus taught [our] Party a lesson. Chiang Kai-shek is no good, every time he had a chance he tried to regiment us. After the end of the anti-Japanese war, Chiang talked about peace, and invited me to go to Chungking for negotiations, but he also gave underhand orders. During the negotiations, he carried out a campaign against our Party and annihilated the three divisions of Kao Shu-hsün..

XXX: Kao has already joined the Party. People can change.

K’ANG SHENG: The Hsüan T’ung emperor has come to present his New Year’s greetings (at the Political Consultative Conference).

CHAIRMAN MAO: We must unite very well with the Hsüan T’ung emperor. Both Kuang Hsü and Hsüan T’ung used to be our bosses. Hsüan T’ung’s monthly salary of a little over a hundred yüan is too small — this man is an emperor.

CHANG SHIH-CHAO: Hsüan Tung’s uncle, Tsai-t’ao,[8] is in wretched straits.

CHAIRMAN MAO: This fellow Tsai-t’ao is a high military official. He was a student in France. I know him, though not intimately. Would it be all right to aid him through you, so that he can eat a bit better? After all, he is our guest. We should improve his standard of living.

It’s no fun being a running dog. Nehru is in bad shape, imperialism and revisionism have robbed him blind. Revisionism is being rebuffed everywhere. It was rebuffed in Romania, it is not listened to in Poland. In Cuba they listen to half and reject half; they listen to half because they can’t do otherwise, since they don’t produce oil or weapons. Imperialism is having a hard time, too. Japan is opposing the United States, and it’s not only the Japanese Communist Party and the Japanese people that are opposing the United States — the big capitalists are doing so too. Not long ago, the Kita-iron works rejected an American inspection. De Gaulle’s opposition to the United States is also in response to the demands of the capitalists. They are also behind his establishment of diplomatic relations with China. China opposes the United States; formerly in Peking there was Shen Ch’ung,[9] the whole country opposed US imperialism. The Khrushchevite revisionists abuse us as dogmatists, pseudo-revolutionaries — they really curse us. Not long ago, a letter from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union to the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party put forward four points: (1) An end to open polemics; (2) The return of the [Soviet] experts [to China]; (3) Talks on the Sino-Soviet border; (4) The expansion of commerce. We can have talks about the border; they will begin on 25 February. We can do a little business, but we can’t do too much, for Soviet products are heavy, crude, high-priced, and they always keep something back.

K’ANG SHENG: The quality is inferior.

CHAIRMAN MAO: They are first crude, second expensive, third inferior, and fourth they keep something back, so it’s not so good to deal with them as with the French bourgeoisie, who still have some notion of business ethics.

In the past there have been mistakes in our work. The first was issuing blind commands, the second was excessive requisitioning; these have now been corrected. Now we have gone to the opposite extreme; we have gone from issuing blind commands to no commands, and as a result we are not doing our utmost. So we must emulate the Liberation Army, we must emulate the Petroleum Ministry’s Tach’ing.[10] In the Tach’ing oilfields they have invested more than–and in the space of three years they have built up an oilfield producing–tons, and a processing plant for–tons of oil. The investment has been small, the time has been short, the successes have been great, and the many writings on this subject are worth having a look at. All ministries should learn from the Petroleum Ministry, learn from the Liberation Army, and get some good experience so as to be a combat brigade in relation to the enemy, and a work brigade in relation to ourselves. University students should also learn from the Liberation Army. They should make full use of their successes, set up models for emulation, praise them extensively, and at the same time criticize mistakes. Praise should be the main thing, and criticism should be supplementary. Among those working for our cause, there are many good people, and many good models, which should be praised.

Last year in Hopei there were great natural disasters. In the south there was a drought; originally the harvest was good, but there were heavy rains causing the loss of 20,000 million chin [approximately 12 million metric tons] of grain, nevertheless last year the total production rose by more than 10,000 million chin, and this year we want to do even better. At present we are learning from the Liberation Army, we are learning from the Petroleum Ministry, we are learning from models in the cities, the villages, the factories and the schools, we are overcoming mistakes in our work, and endeavouring to do our work somewhat better this year.

At this forum today, we have discussed international problems, but our basic concern is with internal problems. If we don’t deal effectively with our internal problems, there’s no good talking about international affairs. At present, there are some countries that want to establish relations with our country such as the Congo. The Congo of Lumumba launched a guerrilla war, but they have no modern weapons at all — only things like Kuan Kung’s Black Dragon Crescent Sword, and Chang Fei’s eighteen-foot spear.[11]

XXX: There are also Huang Chung’s arrows.

CHAIRMAN MAO: It is nothing but the weapons of Kuan, Chang, Chao, Ma and Huang — they have no modern weapons. In the past, we didn’t have any either. After the Nanchang Uprising[12], we lost two divisions; then Chu Te, Ch’en I, and Lin Piao led the remnant up the Chingkangshan. I didn’t know how to fight myself. In 1918 I worked in the library of Peking University; I was paid eight dollars a month, and got along without worrying about clothing, food, or lodging. Chang Shih-chao didn’t want to be an official for Yüan Shih-k’ai[13], so he let him be President of Peking University, he went to Peking University to run a journal. Old Huang[14], are you a constitutionalist?

HUANG YEN-P’EI: I am a revolutionary, not a constitutionalist, I participated in the T’ung Meng Hui.[15]

CHANG SHIH-CHAO: He’s a revolutionary.

CHAIRMAN MAO: Old Ch’en,[16] you belonged to the Research Clique; Chang Shih-chao participated in the Second Revolution[17], and in 1925 he was a minister. Now all of you are marching together with us, participating in socialist construction in the new China. When I say we hope to do our work somewhat better this year, this is not merely the Central Committee’s hope, it is also your hope. Hsü Te-heng, are you in charge of an industrial ministry?[18]

XXX: There is great hope for his ministry.

CHAIRMAN MAO: Old Huang, your family seems to include every possible party and faction — the Democratic League, the Association for Promoting Democracy,[19] the Communist Youth League. The poem by your son Huang Wan-ii, entitled “Greetings to the Bridegroom’, is very well written. I admire it. There is a member of the September Third Society who also writes good poems. I admire him too. You don’t know your ten-odd children very well, you are like Kuo Tzu-i.[20]

All Ministries should learn from the Liberation Army, set up a political department, and strengthen their political work. They must encourage achievement, set up model workers for emulation, praise them extensively, and at the same time criticize mistakes. Praise should be the main thing, and criticism should be supplementary. Among those working for our cause there are many good people and good things, there are many good models which we must praise.

Today I want to talk to you about the problem of education. Progress has been made in industry, and I think that there should be same changes in education too. The present state of affairs won’t do. In my opinion the line and orientation [fang-chen] in education are correct, but the methods are wrong, and must be changed. Present here today are comrades from the Central Committee, comrades from within the Party, comrades from outside the Party, comrades from the Academy of Sciences. Comrade XXX will now give a talk.

XXX: At present, an urgent problem in the domain of education is that of the educational system, i.e., the fact that the prescribed length of studies is excessive. At present, children begin school at the age of seven, and spend six years in primary school, six years in middle school, and in some cases six years at university, generally five, thus making in all seventeen or eighteen years. They graduate from university only at the age of twenty-four or twenty-five, and afterwards they engage in manual labour for a year, and then undergo a further period of one year’s on-the-job training, so that they finally emerge [from the whole process] when they are already twenty-six or twenty-seven. This is two or three years longer than it takes in the Soviet Union. In the Soviet Union, primary and middle school last for ten years, and the university for four or five, so that at twenty-three or twenty-four they take up a post and begin work. In the study of the humanities, there is no great problem about students growing too old. In the case of the natural sciences they manifestly [remain at their studies] too long. This is particularly the case with the science of atomic energy, with the most advanced sciences, the students are too old when they graduate. On the basis of the experience of all countries of the world, it is possible to make a contribution to the natural sciences by the time one reaches the age of twenty-four or twenty-five. For example, in the United States and in the Soviet Union, those who have some achievements to their credit in the natural sciences, in the field of atomic energy, are commonly all twenty-four or twenty-five. At that age, the brain functions most effectively, but at that age our students are still at university, and have not taken up a post and begun work. They start working only at twenty-six or twenty-seven; this is not advantageous to the development of the sciences. The prescribed course length is exceedingly great, we mast give some thought to the system of educati! on.

CHAIRMAN MAO: The period of schooling should be shortened somewhat.

XXX: Recently Comrade XX had an idea: there should be five years of primary school and four years of middle school, so that students would graduate from middle school at sixteen. If there were six years of primary school, they would graduate from middle school at seventeen. The problem is that the facilities for higher education are inadequate; each year, the universities take only 120,000 or 130,000 students, or 150,000 at the outside. The others could begin work at sixteen. They could receive two years of vocational training after graduating from middle school, and then at eighteen they could go to work in the factories or the villages; in this way, they would be more in touch [with reality]. Or they could attend two years of preparatory courses, thus establishing links with the university, and begin work at twenty-four or twenty-five. In a word, studies must be shortened somewhat. At present, the Central Committee has set up a small group [hsiao-tsu] under the leadership of Comrade XX, especially to study the question of the educational system.

If we adopt this suggestion for improving our national education, then students could graduate in general at fifteen or sixteen. There is, however, one problem — that of military service. They would be too young for this, but they could undergo preliminary training.

CHAIRMAN MAO: That’s not important; those who are not old enough for military service can also experience military life. Not only male students, but also female students can undergo military service. We can form a red women’s detachment. Girls of sixteen or seventeen can also experience six months to a year of military life, and at seventeen they can also serve as soldiers.

XXX: Thus, the problem of schools teaching literary subjects is not so great. The problems with faculties of science and engineering are somewhat greater. The universities have preparatory courses of one or two years; after graduating from middle school, students can either go on to the university preparatory courses, or enter a vocational school, and after two years’ training they can go on to work in a factory or in the countryside at eighteen, thus they will be relatively in touch [with reality]. If they study engineering, they will also be relatively in touch, when they graduate at twenty-three or twenty-four they can take up a post and begin work.

CHAIRMAN MAO: At present, there is too much studying going on, and this is exceedingly harmful. There are too many subjects at present, and the burden is too heavy, it puts middle school and university students in a constant state of tension. Cases of short sight are constantly multiplying among primacy and middle-school students. This can’t be allowed to go on unchanged.

XXX: The subjects covered by the syllabus are too many and too complicated. Many old teachers have remained at their posts. The students are not able to bear it; they are tense in the extreme, and they have no extra-curricular activities, and no time for extra-curricular reading.

CHAIRMAN MAO: The syllabus should be chopped in half. The students should have time for recreation, swimming, playing ball, and reading freely outside their course work. Confucius only professed the six arts — rites, music, archery, chariot-driving, poetry and history — but he produced four sages: Yen Hui, Tseng-tzu, Tzu Lu and Mencius. It won’t do for students just to read books all day, and not to go in for cultural pursuits, physical education, and swimming, not to be able to run around, or to read things outside their courses, etc.

XXX: The students are extremely tense. When I’m at home the children say, what’s the point in getting top marks in everything?

CHAIRMAN MAO: Throughout history, very few of those who came first in the imperial examination have achieved great fame. The celebrated T’ang dynasty poets Li Po and Tu Fu were neither chin-shih nor han-lin.[21] Han Yü and Liu Tsungyilan[22] were only chin-shih of the second rank. Wang Shih-fu, Kuan Han-ch’ing,[23] Lo Kuan-chung,[24] P’u Sung-ling, Ts’ao Hsueh-ch’in were none of them chin-shih or han-lin. P’u Sung-ling was a hsiu-ts’ai who had received promotion, he wanted to rise to the next higher rank, but he was not a chü-jen.[25] None of those who became chin-shih or han-lin wore successful. Only two of the emperors of the Ming dynasty did well, T’ai-tsu and Ch’eng-tsu. One was illiterate, and the other only knew a few characters. Afterwards, in contrast, in the Chia-ch’ing reign, when the intellectuals had power, things were in a bad state, the country was in disorder.[26] Han Wu Ti and Li Hou-chu[27] were highly cultivated, and ruined the country. It is evident that to read too many books is harmful. Liu Hsui was an academician, whereas Liu Pang was a country bumpkin.[28]

XXX: There is too much on the syllabus, and there are too many exercises to hand in, the students cannot reflect independently. The present method of examination ….

CHAIRMAN MAO: Our present method of conducting examinations is a method for dealing with the enemy, not a method for dealing with the people. It is a method of surprise attack, asking oblique or strange questions. This is still the same method as the old eight-legged essay. I do not approve of this. It should be changed completely. I am in favour of publishing the questions in advance and letting the students study them and answer them with the aid of books. For instance, if one sets twenty questions on the Dream of the Red Chamber, and some students answer half of them and answer them well, and some of the answers are very good and contain creative ideas, then one can give them 100 per cent. If some other students answer all twenty questions and answer them correctly, but answer them simply by reciting from their textbooks and lectures, without any creative ideas, they should be given 50 or 60 per cent. At examinations whispering into each other’s ears and taking other people’s places ought to be allowed. If your answer is good and I copy it, then mine should be counted as good. Whispering in other people’s ears and taking examinations in other people’s names used to be done secretly. Let it now be done openly. If I can’t do something and you write down the answer, which I then copy, this is all right. Let’s give it a try. We must do things in a lively fashion, not in a lifeless fashion. There are teachers who ramble on and on when they lecture; they should let their students doze off. If your lecture is no good, why insist on others listening to you? Rather than keeping your eyes open and listening to boring lectures, it is better to get some refreshing sleep. You don’t have to listen to nonsense, you can rest your brain instead.

XXX: If we shorten the period of schooling, there will be time for engaging in labour, or for military service. We can also consider having the outstanding students skip a grade, we don’t have to keep them eternally in the same place. In the same grade as my child there is a classmate who was originally an outstanding student; afterwards, he skipped a grade, and he is still an outstanding student. Thus we see that it is possible to skip grades. Ask Comrade XX to organize a small group to conduct a thorough study of this problem of the school system.

CHAIRMAN MAO: Let both XX and XXX participate in this small group. At present we are doing things in too lifeless a manner. There is too much on the syllabus, and examinations are conducted in too rigid a manner. I cannot approve this. The present method of education ruins talent and ruins youth. I do not approve of reading so many books. The method of examination is a method for dealing with the enemy, it is most harmful, and should be stopped.

XXX: At present, the head of the Department of Education has just called a meeting, at which two questions are being considered: one is that the students’ burden is too heavy, and there is homework in every subject: the second is that there are three pedagogical systems, those of Confucius, the Soviets, and Dewey.

CHAIRMAN MAO: Confucius wasn’t really like that. We have cast aside the mainstream of Confucianism. He had only the six subjects: rites, music, archery, chariot-driving, “shu’ and mathematics. (Chairman Mao asked XXX whether “shu’ meant calligraphy or history.)[29]

XXX: It means calligraphy.

CHAIRMAN MAO: It means history. As in the Shu Ching or the Han Shu.[30]

XXX: At present, middle-school students take continuing their studies as their sole aim. After graduating, they are not willing to engage in labour; this is a very big question, and we must solve it. We must put into practice the union of education and productive labour; in addition, we must also walk on two legs.[31] Last year there was flooding in Hopei, and the Department of Education was under great strain. Many buildings collapsed, and they had to set up simple schools as best they could. As a result, the number of primary- and middle-school pupils actually increased.

CHAIRMAN MAO: The flood engulfed dogmatism. We must get rid of dogmas, both foreign and indigenous.

XXX: Other places have carried out a regularization, and introduced teaching all in one class, rather than separately according to subject. The number of students has declined, and the number of poor and lower-middle peasants has declined, very many poor and lower-middle peasants do not continue their schooling. In Hopei Province they have some good experience. In Hsin-hui hsien in Kwangtung Province, they have investigated ten-odd agricultural middle schools, and ordinary middle schools. In an ordinary middle school, the state spends 120 yuan per year on each student, whereas in an agricultural middle school they spend only 6.80 yüan a year on each student. There is no problem at all about the graduates of an agricultural middle school filling a job, whereas if a graduate of an ordinary middle school does not succeed in the university entrance examinations, there is a great deal of difficulty about placing him in employment. Thus, primary and middle schools should all walk on two legs. At the same time, we must pay attention to improving quality. Previously, everything was done according to Soviet methods, but in 1958 we struck a blow at this, and more provision was made for labour, but then study was neglected in turn, but now that things have been further altered it is all right. It is the same with literature and art, the level is relatively high now, but if there had not been 1958, we would not have attained our present level.[32]

CHAIRMAN MAO: We must drive actors, poets, dramatists and writers out of the cities, and pack them all off to the countryside. They should all periodically go down in batches to the villages and to the factories. We must not let writers stay in the government offices; they will never get anything written if they do not go down. Whoever does not go down will get no dinner; only when they go down will they be fed.

XXX: At present, there are a little over two per cent bad elements among the primary- and middle-school teachers, and there are also notoriously bad elements among the primary and middle-school students.

CHAIRMAN MAO: That doesn’t matter, they can change jobs.

XXX: At present, the worst students go to normal school, the good students go into engineering. Henceforth, we might think about not taking graduates of higher middle school directly into normal school or faculties of letters, but accepting only higher middle-school graduates who have engaged in labour for a year or two. The students of the natural sciences should also go down. They have some experience at the XX School in Harbin; they send the teachers down for a year or two. Those who were not so good originally are all pretty good when they come back from labour, they become part of the core.

CHAIRMAN MAO: They must go down. At present, there are some people who do not attach much importance to going to work in the countryside. In the Ming dynasty, Li Shih-chen[33] went hither and thither, and climbed the mountains to gather herbs. Tsu Ch’ung-chih[34] never went to middle school or university. Confucius was from a poor peasant family, he herded sheep, and never attended middle school or university either. He was a musician, he did all sorts of things. When someone had a death in the family, he would be invited to play at the funeral. He may also have been an accountant. He could play the ch’in[35] and drive a chariot, ride a horse and shoot with bow and arrow. “Yü’ means to drive a chariot; it is like being the chauffeur of an automobile. He produced seventy-two sages, such as Yen Hui and Tseng-tzu, and he had 3,000 disciples. In his youth, he came from the masses, and understood something of the suffering of the masses. Later he became an official in the state of Lu, though not a terribly high official. The population of Lu was over a million, and for a long time people looked down on him. When he travelled around to different countries, people cursed him. This person liked to talk frankly, and said he had not experienced misery, and could not bear insults. Later, Tzu Lu acted as Confucius’ bodyguard, and did not allow people to speak ill of Confucius, but would beat anyone who opened his mouth. From this time forward, no more unpleasant sounds entered his ears, and the masses did not dare approach him. We must not cast aside the tradition of Confucius. Our general policy is correct, but our methods are wrong. There are quite a few problems regarding the present school system, curriculum, methods of teaching, and examination methods, and all this must be changed. They! are all exceedingly destructive of people.

XXX: We can get by with five years of primary school.

CHAIRMAN MAO: Primary-school teaching should not go on too long, either. Gorky had only two years of primary school; his learning was all self-taught. Franklin of America was originally a newspaper seller, yet he discovered electricity. Watt was a worker, yet he invented the steam-engine. Both in ancient and modern times, in China and abroad, many scientists trained themselves in the course of practice.

XX: When the school system has been reformed in the future, students will be able to take up a post when they reach the age of twenty-three or twenty-four. Seven is a rather late age for beginning school, we can bring it forward to six. There is a problem with buildings, but if primary school is changed to five years we can dispense with some. Then four years of middle school, and one or two years of a preparatory course at university. In view of the different nature of the various courses at university, we can diversify, and take in 140,000 or 150,000 students each year for a one or two-year preparatory course.

XXX: Before entering university, they can take off a period and go to work in a factory or in a village.

CHAIRMAN MAO: They can also go to the army for training.

XX: This is all right as regards literary subjects, but in physics there is the problem of the use of mathematics, and if they work for two years they might forget it.

XX: In the Soviet Union they work for two years after graduating from middle school, and then enter the faculties of physics and chemistry, they don’t take them directly.

XX: Except for some special schools, the universities are divided into three course-lengths: six years, especially for medicine, five years for engineering, and four years for literary subjects. In most cases of university courses, four years is sufficient. In the future, the system should be diversified, there should be different course-lengths. In the cities, there should be two kinds of middle schools, one leading to university, and the other where students graduate in two years, after which they enter specialized training.

CHAIRMAN MAO: That’s right, we must diversify.

XX: The main problem with the curriculum is a lack of centralization, and there are also those problems we studied in the past, many subjects are studied several times, every semester there are eight or nine subjects to study, there are many examinations, and this creates great tension.

CHAIRMAN MAO: Nowadays, first, there are too many classes; second, there are too many books. The pressure is too great. There are some subjects which it is not necessary to examine. For example, it is not necessary to examine the little logic and grammar which is learned in middle school. Real understanding must be acquired gradually through experience at work. It is enough to know what logic and grammar are.

XX: At present it’s all cramming, mechanical memorizing and reciting.

XXX: There are two schools of thought nowadays. One school advocates teaching subjects thoroughly, while the other advocates teaching them in outline, teaching how to go about mastering subjects, though teaching somewhat less. At present many schools follow the first pattern, but isn’t it true that this won’t work. By advocating doing things in this way, they petrify thought.

CHAIRMAN MAO: This is scholasticism. The annotations to the Four Books and the Five Classics are exceedingly scholastic, and nowadays they have all become completely indigestible. Scholasticism must inevitably die out. For example, in the study of the classics very many commentaries were written, but now they have disappeared. I think that students trained by this method, no matter whether it be in China, in America or in the Soviet Union, will all disappear, will all move towards their opposites. The same applies to the Buddhist classics, of which there are so many. The version of the Diamond Sutra edited by Hsüan-tsang[36] of the T’ang dynasty was comparatively simplified, only a thousand-odd words, and it still exists. Another version, edited by Kumarajiva,[37] was too long, and has died out. Won’t the Five Classics and the Thirteen Classics also come to the end of the road? They have been very copiously annotated, and as a result nobody reads them. In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries they indulged in scholastic philosophy; only in the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries did [the world] enter the age of enlightenment and the Renaissance take place. We shouldn’t read too many books. We should read Marxist books, but not too many of them either. It will be enough to read a dozen or so. If we read too many, we can move towards our opposites, become bookworms, dogmatists, revisionists. In the writings of Confucius, there is nothing about agriculture. Because of this, the limbs of his students were not accustomed to toil, and they could not distinguish between the five grains. We must do something about this.

XXX: There is another question, which is a political question, that of the students’ nourishment, which must be improved. Each student eats food costing 12.5 yuan every month. We should spend another 40 million yuan.

CHAIRMAN MAO: It is all right to spend another 40 million yüan.

XXX: We should increase it by 2 to 4 yüan.[38]

CHAIRMAN MAO: If you read too many books, they petrify your mind in the end. Emperor Wu of the Liang dynasty did pretty well in his early years, but afterwards he read many books, and didn’t make out so well any more. He died of hunger in T’ai Ch’eng.[39]

 

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Notes
[1.] Spring Festival is new years day in the Chinese Lunar Calendar.

[2.] The term “democratic parties” often referred to in CPC literature, especially in united front work, refers specially to a small group of political parties that were made up largely of members of the national bourgeoisie, the petty bourgeoisie, and patriotic “democratic personages.” (These were distinguished from “democratic personages with no party affiliations.”) These political parties were not considered to be proletarian in class identity or inherently inclined toward the socialist revolution. However, they had been developed in the period of the New Democratic Revolution, and to varying degrees of intensity, were aligned with the CPC in the struggle to bring about the socialist transformation of China, and to consolidate China’s interests vis-a-vis imperialist encroachment. The institutions of 1949 and 1954 provided for the participation of “democratic personages’, not affiliated with any party, in the political life of the country. The most famous of these was Sung Ch’ing-ling, Sun Yat-sen’s widow. Some of the non-communists present at the forum of February 1964 belonged to this category, others were representatives of the minor parties.

[3.] The Shensi-Kansu-Ningsia Border Region was the revolutionary base area which was gradually built up after 1931 through revolutionary guerrilla war in northern Shensi. When the Central Red Army arrived in northern Shensi after the Long March, it became the central base area of the revolution and the seat of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. It was named the Shensi-Kansu Ningsia Border Region after the formation of the Anti-Japanese National United Front in 1937, and it included twenty-three counties along the common borders of the three provinces.

[4.] The “Measures for Restricting the Activities of Alien Parties” were secretly issued by the central authorities of the Kuomintang in 1939. They imposed severe restrictions on communist and all other progressive ideas, speech and action with the aim of disrupting all the anti-Japanese organizations of the people. They also stipulated that in places where in the opinion of the Kuomintang, “Communists were most active”, the “Law of collective responsibility and collective punishment” was to be enforced and an “information network”, or counter-revolutionary secret service, was to be generally established within the Pao-chia organizations. Pao and chia were then the basic administrative units of the Kuomintang’s fascist regime. Ten households formed a chia and ten chia a pao.

[5.] Chang Shih-chao (1881-1973) had been active in the revolutionary movement as a journalist from the early years of the twentieth century. He was evidently one of the non-party “democratic personages’ Mao was addressing in his opening remarks.

[6.] On October 30, 1945 Kao Shu-hsun, Deputy Commander of the Kuomintang’s 11th War Zone, revolted at the civil war front in Hantan, southern Hopei Province, and came over to our side with one corps and one column. This had a great influence throughout the country. In order to intensify the work of dividing and disintegrating the Kuomintang troops and arousing them to revolt, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to start a propaganda campaign calling upon other Kuomintang officers and men to follow the example of Kao Shu-hsun and his troops, refuse to attack the Liberated Areas, sabotage the civil war at the front, fraternize with the people’s Liberation Army, rise in revolt and come over to the side of the people. This was known as the Kao Shu-hsun movement. The Kuomintang thereupon turned on Kao and smashed his forces.

[7.] Both the Kuang Hsu emperor (reigned 1875-1908) and his successor the Hsuan Tung emperor had occupied the throne during Mao’s lifetime.

[8.] Tsai-t’ao was in control of the imperial guards at the time of the 1911 revolution. He was regarded, during the last years of the dynasty, as one of the more liberal minded among the imperial clansmen.

[9.] On 24 December 1946, Shen Ch’ung, a girl student at Peiping University, was raped by an American Marine. This incident led to widespread anti-American demonstrations by students in many Chinese cities, and to demands for the immediate withdrawal of all US Military forces.

[10.] In 1964, Mao was to launch the slogan, “In industry learn from Tach’ing, in agriculture learn from Tachai’, and since that time both of these have generally been regarded as “Maoist’ models. Here Mao credits the Petroleum Ministry with the achievements of the Tach’ing oil-fields in Heilungkiang Province.

[11.] Kuan Yu (also known as Kuan Kung, the God of War) and Chang Fei were the two principal companions-in-arms of Liu Pei, the founder of the Shu Han Dynasty, during the period d the Three Kingdoms in the third century A.D. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the celebrated novel they are described as wielding the weapons referred to here. Huang Chung, Chao [Yun], and Ma [Su] were the remaining three of Liu Pei’s “five tiger generals’. Although Liu Pei, like his two rivals, claimed to be the rightful ruler of the whole empire, the territory actually controlled by him was primarily that of the Kingdom of Shu, centering on present-day Szechuan, where Mao and his comrades were meeting.

[12.] Nanchang, capital of Kiangsi Province, was the scene of the famous uprising on August 1, 1927 led by the Communist Party of China in order to combat the counter-revolution of Chiang Kai- Shek and Wang Ching-wei and to continue the revolution of 1924- 27. More than thirty thousand troops took part in the uprising which was led by comrades Chou En-iai, Chu Teh, Ho Lung and Yell Ting. The insurrectionary army withdrew from Nanchang on August 5 as planned, but suffered a defeat when approaching Chaochow and Swatow in Kwangtung Province. Led by Comrades Chu Teh and Chen Yi, part of the troops later fought their way to the Chingkang Mountains and joined forces with the First Division of the First Workers’ and Peasants Revolutionary Army under Comrade Mao Tse-tung.

[13.] Yuan Shih-kai was the head of the Northern warlords in the last years of the Ching Dynasty. After the Ching Dynasty was overthrown by the Revolution of 1911, he usurped the presidency of the Republic and organized the first government of the Northern Warlords, which represented the big landlord and big comprador classes. He did this by relying on counter-revolutionary armed force and on the support of the imperialists and by taking advantage of the conciliationist character of the bourgeoisie, which was then leading the revolution. In 1915 he wanted to make himself emperor and, to gain the support of the Japanese imperialists accepted the Twenty one demands with which Japan aimed at obtaining exclusive control of all China. In December of the same year an uprising against his assumption of the throne took place in Yunnan Province and promptly won nation-wide response and support. Yuan Shih-kai died in Peking in June 1916.

[14.] Huang Yen-p’ei, an advocate of American-style vocational education, had been a leading figure in the Democratic League during the civil war of 1944-9, and was Minister of Light Industry from 1949 to 1954. In 1964, he was Chairman of the China Democratic National Construction Association, as well as being a member of the Standing Committee of the Democratic League.

[15.] In 1894, Dr. Sun Yat-sen formed a small revolutionary organization in Honolulu called the Hsing Chung Hui (Society for China’s Regeneration). With the support of the secret societies among the people, he staged two armed insurrections in Kwangtung Province against the Ching government after its defeat in the Sino-Japanese war in 1895, one at Canton in 1895 and the other at Huichow in 1900.

Tung Meng Hui, or the Chinese Revolutionary League (a united front organization of the bourgeoisie, the petty bourgeoisie, and a section of the landed gentry opposed to the Ching government), was formed in 1905 through the merging of the Hsing Chung Hui and two other groups, the Hua Hsing Hui (Society for China’s Regeneration) and the Kuang Fu Hui (Society for Breaking the Foreign Yoke). It put forward a programme of bourgeois revolution advocating “the expulsion of the Tartars (Manchus), the recovery of China, the establishment of a republic and the equalization of landownership”. In the period of the Chinese Revolutionary League, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, allying himself with the secret societies and a part of the New Army of the Ching government, launched a number of armed insurrections against the Ching regime, notably those at Pinghsiang (Kiangsi Province), Liuyang and Liling (Human Province) in 1906, at Huangkang Chaochow and Chinchow (Kwangtung Province), and at Chennankuan (Kwangsi Province) in 1907, at Hokou (Yunnan Province), in 1908 and at Canton in 1911. The last was followed in the same yea by the Wuchnag Uprising which resulted in the overthrow of the Ching Dynasty.

[16.] Old Ch’en’ is apparently Ch’en Shu-t’ung, Chairman of the All China Federation of Industry and Commerce since 1953. Both “Old Huang’ and “Old Ch’en’ were thus “democratic personages’, who had worked with the new regime since 1949.

[17.] The “Second Revolution, was the attempt, in 1913, by forces under the leadership of Ts’ai Ao, to overthrow Yuan Shih-k’ai and halt the movement away from genuine republicanism towards a restoration of the monarchy. On the other hand, the government of which Chang Shih-chao was minister in 1925 was that of the warlord-dominated regime in Peking, Mao deliberately mentions these two contrasting episodes in Chang Shih-chao’s life in order to evoke the wide variety of experience through which his generation has passed in its search for an answer to China’s problems.

[18.] Hsu Te-heng (1895- ) was a student leader during the May Fourth Movement. He has been Chairman of the Chiu-san (September third) Society, referred to below by Mao, since its foundation in 1945. (The Society, named for the date of Japanese surrender, is one of the minor parties participating in the united front). The “industrial ministry’ about which Mao asks here in the Ministry of Aquatic Products, which Hsu had headed since 1956.

[19.] The Association for Promoting Democracy was another of the minor parties, founded originally in Shanghai in 1945, which included mainly intellectuals in its ranks.

[20.] Kuo Tzu-i (697-781), a celebrated general of the T’ang Dynasty, had eight sons and seven sons-in-law; his grandchildren and great-grandchildren are reported to have been so numerous that he could not recognize them, and had to be content with bowing when they came to pay their respects.

[21.] Chin-shih, a successful candidate at the highest (“metropolitan’, followed by “palace’) examinations, according to the system of examinations adopted by China’s autocractic dynasties. It was a method used by the feudal ruling class for selecting personnel to govern the people and also for enticing the intellectuals. The system, dating from the 7th century, persisted into the early 20th century. Han-lin, a member of the Han-lin Academy, which became from Ming times the preserve of those who had achieved special distinction in the palace examinations.

[22.] Han Yu (768-824) and Liu Tsung-ynan (773-819) were friends as well as contemporaries, distinguished poets and essayists who both experienced periods of banishment in the course of their official careers. Han Yu especially is regarded as one of the greatest prose writers in the history of China, as a student in Changsha, Mao was taught to take him as a model in writing essays.

[23.] Wang Shih-fu and Kuan Han-ch’ing were celebrated dramatists of the Yuan dynasty, who flourished towards the end of the thirteenth century. Wang is the author of the Story of the Western Chamber.

[24.] Lo Kuan-chung (14th century A.D.), was the author of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the historical novel. P’u Sung-ling (b. 1622) is known for a celebrated collection of tales of the supernatural.

[25.] Hsiu-ts’ai, literality “cultivated talent’, popular name for a successful candidate at the lowest or prefectural examinations, more correctly known as a shen-yuan or “licentiate’. Though he “received promotion’ by imperial favour to the rank of senior licentiate, he failed to pass the next higher stage in the examination system proper, the provincial examination, and therefore did not obtain the corresponding title of chu-jen (“selected man’), or the opportunity to sit the metropolitan examination.

[26.] Ming Tai-tsu, the founder of the dynasty, reigned from 1368 to 1399; Ch’eng-tsu, the third emperor of the dynasty, reigned from 1403 to 1425. The Chia-ch’ing reign extended from 1522 to 1567.

[27.] Han Wu Ti, the “Martial Emperor’ of the Han dynasty, reigned 140-86 B.C.

[28.] Liu Hsiu (4 B.C-A.D. 57) overthrew the usurper Wang Mang in A.D. 25 and founded the Later Han (or Eastern Han) dynasty. Liu Pang (247-195 B.C.), founded the original Han dynasty in 206 B.C.

[29.] The character read shu may be either a noun, meaning book or written document (in this case, a book of history) or a verb meaning to write, especially in the sense of writing out in a fine hand. Normally, in Confucius’ list of six subjects or arts, it is taken to mean calligraphy.

[30.] The Shu Ching (“Historical Classic’) is one of the “Thirteen Classics’, together with the Confucian Analects, the Book of Odes, etc. The Han Shu is the standard history of the Han dynasty.

[31.] “Walking on two legs’ was one of the principal slogans of the Great Leap Forward of 1958-9. It was used primarily with reference to economic development, to characterize a policy combining large scale modern technology and the use of small-scale, indigenous methods. Here it is used to suggest a similar approach to education, combing schools (mainly in the cities) with modern equipment and an elaborate curriculum, with simpler and more basic schools adapted to the needs and possibilities in the countryside.

[32.] XXX, whoever he is offers only a rather half-hearted defence of the “Great Leap’ policies: the downgrading of expertise, he argues, though useful as a corrective to the Soviet-style technocratic attitudes prevalent earlier, went much too far, and would have led to unfortunate results if the pendulum had not swung back again. His emphasis contracts sharply with that of comrade Mao Tse-tung in the next paragraph.

[33.] Li Shih-chen (1518-98) was the author of the Pen’ts’ao kang mu (Index of Roots and Herbs), a treatise listing more than 1,000 plants useful for medicinal purposes.

[34.] A mathematician of the tenth century.

[35.] A stringed instrument similar to a lute; skill in playing it was part of the general culture expected of the literati.

[36.] On his return to China in 645, after a pilgrimage of sixteen years to India, whence he brought back a quantity of Buddhist scriptures, the monk Huan-tsang (602-64) presided over the translation of no less than 1,338 chapters in the course of the remaining years of his fife.

[37.] Kumarajiva (350-413), a Buddhist scholar who had studied in Kashmir, was brought to the imperial capital of Ch’ang-an in 401, and placed in charge of the translation of Buddhist scriptures. These versions, the best of their time, were later superseded by the “new translations’ of Hsuan-tsang and his successors, not because of their length but because they were insufficiently precise.

[38.] Obviously the figure of 40 million yuan refers to the total annual bill for subsistence, while the figure of 2 to 4 yuan indicates the corresponding increase in the monthly amount per student. According to the best available estimates, there were, at this time, approximately three quarters of a million students in Chinese institutions of higher education. Thus the two figures are roughly consistent.

[39.] Hsiao Yen (464-549) occupied Nanking in 501 and was proclaimed the first emperor of the Liang dynasty in the following year. A student of Buddhism and lover of books, he was unable to implement his good intentions by reforming the administration. When T’ai Ch’eng fell to a rebellious ally in 549, he was allowed, to die of hunger and despair in a monastery to which he had retired.

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Diamond razor edge vs Diamond edge for deer hunting?

I have found a 2008 diamond edge bow for sell. I really like this bow. I was wondering if you could tell me if this is a good youth bow for deer hunting. Also I have noticed that there seems to be a diamond razor edge and a diamond edge. What is the difference between the two? How can I tell which one I am actually buying. Thanks!

The diamond edge isn’t a good youth bow. Its draw length ranges from 26 to 31 inches. If you fall into this range it would work but it doesn’t give you as much adjustment as the diamond razor edge. The razor edge is more of a youth bow. It has a lot more adjustment to them. It starts out at a 19″ draw and goes up to a 29″ draw.

Alexis fisrt shot with Nuclear Ice pink compound bow#2.MPG